Robert is a Senior Advisor at Morgan Stanley MUFG Securities, where he has worked since 1998. In addition to his Morgan Stanley work, he became an Outside Director at Tokio Marine Holdings in June 2023. From 2017-23, he was a professor in the Tokyo University of Science Management of Technology program, and continues as a Senior Specially Appointed Professor. From 2000-2020, he was a commentator on Japan’s nightly business program, World Business Satellite. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and BAs in Economics and in Japanese Studies from Yale. He has written nine books in Japanese and two in English, and translated three from Japanese to English.